2019年全國(guó)政府工作報(bào)告全文雙語(yǔ)（下載）(四)

做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下三點(diǎn)。

Todeliveragoodperformanceintheworkofthegovernmentthisyear,weneedtoconcentrateonthefollowingthreeareas:

第一，穩(wěn)定和完善宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。

First,weneedtoensurecontinuityinandmakeimprovementstomacroeconomicpolicies.

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，更加注重預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，更加注重定向調(diào)控，用好增量，盤(pán)活存量，重點(diǎn)支持薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。以微觀(guān)活力支撐宏觀(guān)穩(wěn)定，以供給創(chuàng)新帶動(dòng)需求擴(kuò)大，以結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整促進(jìn)總量平衡，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間。

Wewillcontinuetoimplementproactivefiscalpolicyandprudentmonetarypolicy.Wewillpaygreaterattentiontoanticipatoryadjustments,fine-tuning,andtargetedregulation.Wewillputbothexistingandadditionalfinancialresourcestogooduse,focusingparticularlyonstrengtheningweakspots.Wewillimprovemicro-levelvitalitytounderpinmacroeconomicstability,explorenewwaysofachievingsupplytoboostdemand,andbalancetotalsupplyanddemandthroughstructuraladjustmentstoensuretheeconomyperformswithinanappropriaterange.

積極的財(cái)政政策要加力增效。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字1.62萬(wàn)億元，比去年增加2700億元，赤字率從去年的2.1%提高到2.3%。其中，中央財(cái)政赤字1.12萬(wàn)億元，增加1700億元；地方財(cái)政赤字5000億元，增加1000億元。處理好債務(wù)管理與穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系，創(chuàng)新和完善地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制。適當(dāng)發(fā)行專(zhuān)項(xiàng)債券。保障符合條件的在建項(xiàng)目后續(xù)融資，防范和化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，大力盤(pán)活存量資金，提高使用效率。繼續(xù)實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅和普遍性降費(fèi)，進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)特別是小微企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。

Ourproactivefiscalpolicymustsustainthemomentumofeconomicgrowthandincreaseeconomicreturns.Thegovernmentbudgetdeficitfor2015isprojectedtobe1.62trillionyuan,anincreaseof270billionyuanoverlastyear,whichmeansthatthedeficittoGDPratiowillrisefromlastyear's2.1%to2.3%.Ofthisamount,thecentralgovernmentdeficitwillaccountfor1.12trillionyuan,anincreaseof170billionyuan,andlocalgovernmentdeficitwillaccountfor500billionyuan,anincreaseof100billionyuan.Weneedtofindtherightbalancebetweenmanagingdebtandmaintainingsteadygrowth.Wewilldevelopandimprovemechanismsforlocalgovernmentstosecurefinancingthroughbondissuance.Wewillallowlocalgovernmentstoissueanappropriateamountofspecialbonds,ensurecontinuedfinancingforeligibleprojectsalreadyunderconstruction,andguardagainstanddefuserisksandlatentdangers.Wewillimprovethemixofbudgetaryspending,redoubleoureffortstoputgovernmentfundsonhandintouse,andstrengthentheeffectivenessofgovernmentspending.Wewillcontinuetomakestructuraltaxreductionsandcutfeesacrosstheboardsoastofurtherlightentheburdenonenterprises,particularlysmallandmicrobusinesses.

穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣M2預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)12%左右，在實(shí)際執(zhí)行中，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要，也可以略高些。加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀(guān)審慎管理，靈活運(yùn)用公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)操作、利率、存款準(zhǔn)備金率、再貸款等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸和社會(huì)融資規(guī)模平穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)。加快資金周轉(zhuǎn)，優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，提高直接融資比重，降低社會(huì)融資成本，讓更多的金融活水流向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)。

Wewillpursueprudentandbalancedmonetarypolicy.TheM2moneysupplyisforecastedtogrowbyaround12%in2015,buttheactualsupplymaybeslightlyhigherthanthisprojectiondependingontheneedsofeconomicdevelopment.Wewillworktostrengthenandimprovemacro-prudentialregulation,adoptaflexibleapproachinouruseofmonetarypolicytoolsincludingopenmarketoperations,interestrates,requiredreserveratios,andre-lending,andmaintainsteadygrowthinthesupplyofmoneyandcreditaswellasaggregatefinancingintheeconomy.Wewillspeeduptheturnoveroffunds,improvethecreditstructure,increasetheproportionofdirectfinancingtototalfinancing,andreducethecostoffinancing,therebyallowingmorefinancialresourcestobechanneledintotherealeconomy.

第二，保持穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)與調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。

Second,weneedtomaintainaproperbalancebetweenensuringsteadygrowthandmakingstructuraladjustments.

我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨“三期疊加”矛盾，資源環(huán)境約束加大，勞動(dòng)力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重?cái)?shù)量擴(kuò)張的發(fā)展方式已經(jīng)難以為繼，必須推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)在穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)中優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)。既要穩(wěn)住速度，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，確保居民就業(yè)和收入持續(xù)增加，為調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)方式創(chuàng)造有利條件；

Initscurrentstageofdevelopment,Chinahastodealsimultaneouslywiththeslowdownineconomicgrowth,makingdifficultstructuraladjustments,andabsorbingtheeffectsofPviouseconomicstimuluspolicies.Asresource-relatedandenvironmentalconstraintsgrowandcostsforlaborandotherfactorsofproductionrise,amodelofdevelopmentthatdrawsonhighlevelsofinvestmentandenergyconsumptionandisheavilydrivenbyquantitativeexpansionbecomesdifficulttosustain.Wemustthereforeimprovetheeconomicstructurewhileensuringsteadygrowth.Thegrowthratemustbekeptsteadytoensurethateconomicperformanceisstable,andthatemploymentandpersonalincomescarryonincreasing,thuscreatingafavorableenvironmentformakingstructuraladjustmentsandtransformingthegrowthmodel.

又要調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，夯實(shí)穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。要增加研發(fā)投入，提高全要素生產(chǎn)率，加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和品牌建設(shè)，促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)比重提高、水平提升，優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展空間格局，加快培育新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)和增長(zhǎng)極，實(shí)現(xiàn)在發(fā)展中升級(jí)、在升級(jí)中發(fā)展。

Atthesametime,structuraladjustmentsmustbemadetoconsolidatethefoundationforensuringsteadygrowth.Weneedtoincreaseresearchanddevelopmentspending,raisetotalfactorproductivity,improvequality,standards,andbrand-building,strengthentheservicesectorandstrategicemergingindustriesandincreasetheirshareoftheeconomy,improvetheoverallstructureofeconomicgrowth,andworkhardertofosternewareasofgrowthandgrowthpoles.Withtheseefforts,wecanensurethateconomicupgradinganddevelopmentreinforceeachother.

第三，培育和催生經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)力。

Third,weneedtonurtureandhastenthebirthofanewforcefordrivingeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的傳統(tǒng)動(dòng)力減弱，必須加大結(jié)構(gòu)性改革力度，加快實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，改造傳統(tǒng)引擎，打造新引擎。

Astheforcethathastraditionallydriveneconomicgrowthisweakening,itisimperativethatweintensifystructuralreform,boosteffortstoimplementthestrategyofpursuinginnovation-drivendevelopment,andupgradetraditionalengineswhilecreatingnewonesfordrivingdevelopment.

一方面，增加公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給，加大政府對(duì)教育、衛(wèi)生等的投入，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)參與，提高供給效率。這既能補(bǔ)短板、惠民生，也有利于擴(kuò)需求、促發(fā)展。

Wewillincreasethesupplyofpublicgoodsandservices,increasegovernmentinputinareaslikeeducationandhealthcare,andencouragenongovernmentalparticipationtoimprovetheefficiencyofsupply.Thiswillbolsterweakspotsandbenefitthepeople,aswellasincreasedemandandpromotedevelopment.

另一方面，推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新。這既可以擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、增加居民收入，又有利于促進(jìn)社會(huì)縱向流動(dòng)和公平正義。

Atthesametime,wewillalsoencouragepeopletostarttheirownbusinessesandtomakeinnovations,whichwillnotonlycreatemorejobsandincreasepersonalincomes,butalsoimproveupwardssocialmobilityandsocialequityandjustice.

我國(guó)有13億人口、9億勞動(dòng)力資源，人民勤勞而智慧，蘊(yùn)藏著無(wú)窮的創(chuàng)造力，千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)個(gè)市場(chǎng)細(xì)胞活躍起來(lái)，必將匯聚成發(fā)展的巨大動(dòng)能，一定能夠頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力，讓中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)始終充滿(mǎn)勃勃生機(jī)。政府要勇于自我革命，給市場(chǎng)和社會(huì)留足空間，為公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)搭好舞臺(tái)。個(gè)人和企業(yè)要勇于創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新，全社會(huì)要厚植創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新文化，讓人們?cè)趧?chuàng)造財(cái)富的過(guò)程中，更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)精神追求和自身價(jià)值。

Chinahasapopulationof1.3billionandaworkforceof900million.Ourpeoplearehardworkingandtalented,andthereisnolimittotheiringenuity.Whenanabundanceofmarketcellsspringintolife,theywillformamightydrivingforcefordevelopment,ensuringChina'seconomyremainsresilientinspiteofthedownwardPssureonit,andcontinuestobefulloflifeanddynamism.Thegovernmentshouldbeboldinimposingareformonitselfsoastoleaveamplespaceforthemarketandsocietytoplaytheirrespectiverolesandleveltheplayingfieldforfaircompetition.Inpidualsandenterprisesmusthavethemettletopromotetheirbusinessdevelopmentandmakeinnovations,andoursocietyneedstonurtureacultureofentrePneurshipandinnovation.Inthisway,whilecreatingwealth,peoplewillbeabletomeettheirculturalandintellectualneedsandrealizetheirfullpotentialinlife.

今年是“十二五”收官之年，我們要在完成“十二五”經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)的同時(shí)，以改革的精神、創(chuàng)新的理念和科學(xué)的方法，做好“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要編制工作，謀劃好未來(lái)五年的發(fā)展藍(lán)圖。

Thisyearisthefinalyearforcompletingthe12thFive-YearPlan.Aswestrivetoaccomplishthemajortasksandobjectivesforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentsetforthinthisplan,weneedtoformulatethe13thFive-YearPlan,bringingtothisworkthespiritofreformandinnovationandadoptingascientificapproach.

三、把改革開(kāi)放扎實(shí)推向縱深

改革開(kāi)放是推動(dòng)發(fā)展的制勝法寶。必須以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為重點(diǎn)全面深化改革，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，真抓實(shí)干，在牽動(dòng)全局的改革上取得新突破，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能。

Reformandopeningupiscrucialfordrivingdevelopment.WemustfocusoneconomicstructuralreformaswecomPhensivelydeepenreform,takingallthingsintoconsiderationinplanning,workingsolidlytodeliverconcreteoutcomes,makingnewbreakthroughsinareasthatcanboostdevelopmentasawhole,andstrengtheningnewmomentumtodrivedevelopment.

加大簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合改革力度。

Wewilldomoretostreamlineadministrationanddelegatemorepowerstolower-levelgovernmentsandtosocietyingeneralwhileimprovingregulation.

今年再取消和下放一批行政審批事項(xiàng)，全部取消非行政許可審批，建立規(guī)范行政審批的管理制度。深化商事制度改革，進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化注冊(cè)資本登記，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)“三證合一”，清理規(guī)范中介服務(wù)。制定市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，公布省級(jí)政府權(quán)力清單、責(zé)任清單，切實(shí)做到法無(wú)授權(quán)不可為、法定職責(zé)必須為。

Thisyear,wewilldelegatethepowerorcanceltherequirementforgovernmentreviewformoreitems,cancelallnon-administrativereview,andestablishasystemforexercisingwell-regulatedmanagementoverthegovernmentreviewprocess.Wewilldeepenreformofthebusinesssystem;furthersimplifytheprocessforcapitalregistration;takegradualstepstointegratethebusinesslicense,thecertificateoforganizationcodes,andthecertificateoftaxationregistrationintoonecertificate;andoverhaulandregulateintermediaryservices.Wewilldrawupanegativelistformarketaccess,ensurethatprovincial-levelgovernmentsmaketheirlistsofpowersandresponsibilitiesopentothepublic,andmakesurethatanythingthelawdoesnotauthorizeisnotdone,whilealldutiesandfunctionsassignedbylawareperformed.

地方政府對(duì)應(yīng)當(dāng)放給市場(chǎng)和社會(huì)的權(quán)力，要徹底放、不截留，對(duì)上級(jí)下放的審批事項(xiàng)，要接得住、管得好。加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管，健全為企業(yè)和社會(huì)服務(wù)一張網(wǎng)，推進(jìn)社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)，建立全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的社會(huì)信用代碼制度和信用信息共享交換平臺(tái)，依法保護(hù)企業(yè)和個(gè)人信息安全。

Localgovernmentsmustcompletelyletgoofpowersthatshouldbedelegatedtothemarketorsociety,andproperlyexercisethepowerofreviewoverallitemsthathavebeendelegatedtothembyhigher-levelgovernments.Wewillexercisestrongeroversightbothduringandafterthehandlingofmatters,andimprovethenetworkofservicesforbothenterprisesandthegeneralpublic.Wewillworktoimprovethecreditratingsystem,putinplaceanationalunifiedsystemofcodesforratingcredit,andestablishaplatformforsharingandexchanginginformationoncredit.Wewill,inaccordancewiththelaw,protecttheinformationsecurityofenterprisesandinpiduals.

大道至簡(jiǎn)，有權(quán)不可任性。各級(jí)政府都要建立簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、轉(zhuǎn)變職能的有力推進(jìn)機(jī)制，給企業(yè)松綁，為創(chuàng)業(yè)提供便利，營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。所有行政審批事項(xiàng)都要簡(jiǎn)化程序，明確時(shí)限，用政府權(quán)力的“減法”，換取市場(chǎng)活力的“乘法”。

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpowersshouldnotbeheldwithoutgoodreason.Governmentsatalllevelsneedtoadopteffectivewaystostreamlineadministration,delegatepowers,andtransformtheirfunctions,creatinganenablingenvironmentforenterprises,makingiteasiertostartupinbusiness,andcreatingtherightenvironmentforfaircompetition.Proceduresandprocessesmustbesimplifiedandtimeframesmustbeclarifiedforallitemsrequiringadministrativereview,andcutstogovernmentpowerwillbemadetoboostmarketvitality.

多管齊下改革投融資體制。

Wewilltakemultiplemeasurestoreformtheinvestmentandfinancingsystems.

大幅縮減政府核準(zhǔn)投資項(xiàng)目范圍，下放核準(zhǔn)權(quán)限。大幅減少投資項(xiàng)目前置審批，實(shí)行項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)上并聯(lián)辦理。大幅放寬民間投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本發(fā)起設(shè)立股權(quán)投資基金。政府采取投資補(bǔ)助、資本金注入、設(shè)立基金等辦法，引導(dǎo)社會(huì)資本投入重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。以用好鐵路發(fā)展基金為抓手，深化鐵路投融資改革。在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公用事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，積極推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。

Wewillsubstantiallyreducethenumberofinvestmentprojectsthatrequiregovernmentreview,delegatemorepowersofreviewtolower-levelgovernments,significantlystreamlinetheneedforPliminaryreviewforinvestmentprojects,andconductprojectreviewsonline.Wewillgreatlyrelaxmarketaccessforprivateinvestmentandencouragetheuseofprivatecapitaltosetupequityfunds.Thegovernmentwillguidenongovernmentalinvestmentstowardkeyprojectsbysubsidizinginvestments,injectingcapital,andestablishingfunds.Wewilldeepenreformofrailwayinvestmentandfinancingbymakinggooduseofrailwaydevelopmentfunds.Wewillactivelypromotemodelsofcooperationbetweengovernmentandnongovernmentalcapitalindevelopinginfrastructureandpublicutilities.

不失時(shí)機(jī)加快價(jià)格改革。

Wewilltaketimelyactiontoacceleratepricereform.

改革方向是發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用，大幅縮減政府定價(jià)種類(lèi)和項(xiàng)目，具備競(jìng)爭(zhēng)條件的商品和服務(wù)價(jià)格原則上都要放開(kāi)。取消絕大部分藥品政府定價(jià)，下放一批基本公共服務(wù)收費(fèi)定價(jià)權(quán)。

Thisreformisaimedatensuringthemarketplaysthedecisiveroleinallocatingresourcesandsignificantlyreducingthenumberofcategoriesanditemsofgoodsandservicesforwhichpricesaresetbythegovernment.Inprinciple,wewillliftpricingcontrolsoverallgoodsandservicesthatcanviablycompeteinmarkets.Thegovernmentwillstopsettingpricesformostpharmaceuticalsanddelegatetolower-levelgovernmentsthepowertosetpricesforcertainbasicpublicservices.

擴(kuò)大輸配電價(jià)改革試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)改革，健全節(jié)能環(huán)保價(jià)格政策。完善資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，全面實(shí)行居民階梯價(jià)格制度。同時(shí)必須加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管，規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序，確保低收入群眾基本生活。

Wewillexpandthetrialsofpricingreformsforelectricitytransmissionanddistribution,carryoutpricingreformsforwaterusedinagriculture,andimprovepricingpoliciestomakethemmoreconducivetoenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Wewillimprovethepricingofresourceproductsandfullyimplementasystemoftieredpricingforelectricity,water,andnaturalgasusedforhouseholdpurposes.Atthesametime,wemuststrengthenoversightoverpricing,improvemarketorder,andensurethebasiclivingstandardsofpeopleonlowincomes.